The Year 2038 problem, often referred to as Y2K38 or the “Epochalypse,” represents a significant challenge rooted in the history of Unix-like operating systems and the C programming language. It stems from the practice of storing system time as a signed 32-bit integer representing the number of seconds elapsed since 00:00:00 Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) on January 1, 1970. This 32-bit integer (time_t) will reach its maximum positive value (231−1) at 03:14:07 UTC on January 19, 2038. One second later, it will overflow and wrap around to its minimum negative value, causing systems to interpret the time incorrectly, typically as a date in December 1901.
"Y2K38: Risks, Solutions, and Real-World Implications", Kenneth Henseler; May 2, 2025
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